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<font size="6">Dust Storm Warning: Understanding the Disruptive Power of Fuel-Fed Thunderstorms</font>

By John Smith 7 min read 2704 views

Dust storms can bring visibility to near zero, knock out power lines, and even cause serious health issues for those in the affected areas. In the United States, dust storms are most common in arid and semi-arid regions, particularly in the Southwest. The National Weather Service issues a Dust Storm Warning when winds reach 35 mph, and visibilities are less than 1/4 mile. Rachel Brock, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service, notes, "Once the wind starts to pick up, it can turn over dry soil and create massive amounts of dust, which can then get picked up by the wind, making the storm much worse."

Causes of Dust Storms

Dust storms form when a combination of atmospheric conditions are present. Essentially, a massive amount of dry soil and debris is suspended in the air, reducing visibility. Brock continues, "Dry thunderstorms are particularly adept at picking up dust. These storms bring downdrafts that can scour fields, stripping away vegetation and creating vast amounts of bare soil. Once that soil is gone, the area is more susceptible to being blown away when a storm does come through." A dry line, which can appear as a wall of dust, will form ahead of the storm. This line can move rapidly, picking up everything in its path.

A key factor for dust storms is the dry conditions. Without adequate moisture in the soil, particles are more easily picked up by the wind. According to a study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, dry soil particles have diameters of 0.01 mm and larger. A second key component for dust storms is wind. Classically, dust storms require wind speeds over 35 mph; however, in practice, dust storms have been known to form in winds as low as 20-25 mph when atmospheric conditions are right. Calcium carbonate, feldspar, and quartz, those are just some of the minerals commonly found in dust.

The Perfect Recipe for a Severe Thunderstorm

There's a seamless relationship between dust storms and thunderstorms. Jeff Travis, a meteorologist with AccuWeather, explains, "The exposed soil gives the thunderstorm cold downdrafts, which pull in very dry air that dries the soil completely." This gives the other conditions for severe thunderstorms – instability in the atmosphere – favorable ground-level instability, which triggers towering cumulus growth. Caused by neighboring and divergent collisions of six aerodynamic lines in multiple stages, air streams interact in a well-known process which allows thunderstorms to grow vertically, producing the highest sustained winds in dust storms. About one-third of all dust particles are in the finer SDSN category with diameters to 0.002 mm, containing up to 0.08 grams of soil.

Impact of Severe Dust Storms

According to the State University of New York, the eye's damage limit typically arrives 15-30 minutes after onset of increased POV. Droughts lasting more than six months may not only allow soil to shed structure and virulence but lead to result loss despite any pitcher-platform fixes added, Robert Mincyk notes. "Given the dusty conditions, the health issues with dust storms are as serious as they are real. For those affected, finely ground particulate matter can be deeply inhaled, severely aggravating conditions like asthma and permanently damaging inflammatory chronic respiratory conditions." A motorcycle or car traveling down a road in Sandy-coated desert would throw off showers of sand streaked particles, muffling its passage.

Health Issues Related to Dust Storms

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